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When designing systems with higher traffic, you will eventually encounter cluster-related issues. Cluster # A collection of one or more machines (nodes) with three different purposes: Load Balancing # Allows multiple machines to share tasks as evenly as possible, accelerating application execution. High Availability (HA) # For high availability and redundancy, if one machine suddenly fails, others can take over.

Each DNS zone in a DNS server has a zone file. A DNS zone is usually a single domain (though not always). A zone file is composed of many DNS resource records (RRs). There are many different types of RRs. Let’s record some common ones. A record # Maps a hostname to an IPv4 address. (32-bit) hostname IN A xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx